Saint Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in ireland. Known as the "Apostle of Ireland", he is the primary patron saint of the island along with Saints Brigit and Columba.
The dates of Patrick's life cannot be fixed with certainty but, on a
widespread interpretation, he was active as a missionary in Ireland
during the second half of the fifth century. He is generally credited with being the first bishop of Armagh, primate of Ireland.
When he was about 16, he was captured from his home in Great Britain, and taken as a
slave to Ireland, where he lived for six years before escaping and returning
to his family. After becoming a cleric, he returned to northern and
western Ireland. In later life, he served as an ordained bishop, but
little is known about the places where he worked. By the seventh
century, he had already come to be revered as the patron saint of
Ireland.
Saint Patrick's Day is observed on 17 March, the date of his death. It is celebrated inside and outside Ireland as a religious and cultural holiday. In the dioceses of Ireland, it is both a solemnity and a holy day of obligation; it is also a celebration of Ireland itself.
St. Patrick features in many stories in the Irish oral tradition and
there are many customs connected with his feast day. The folklorist
Jenny Butler
discusses how these traditions have been given new layers of meaning
over time while also becoming tied to Irish identity both in Ireland and
abroad. The symbolic resonance of the St. Patrick figure is complex and
multifaceted, stretching from that of Christianity’s arrival in Ireland
to an identity that encompasses everything Irish. In some portrayals,
the saint is symbolically synonymous with the Christian religion itself.
There is also evidence of a combination of indigenous religious
traditions with that of Christianity, which places St Patrick in the
wider framework of cultural hybridity.
Popular religious expression has this characteristic feature of merging
elements of culture. Later in time, the saint becomes associated
specifically with Catholic Ireland and synonymously with Irish national
identity. Subsequently, St. Patrick is a patriotic symbol along with the
colour green and the shamrock. St. Patrick's Day celebrations include
many traditions that are known to be relatively recent historically, but
have endured through time because of their association either with
religious or national identity. They have persisted in such a way that
they have become stalwart traditions, viewed as the strongest "Irish
traditions".
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