PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS.

• Structure differences

Present Simple:

- Maria plays tennis at the weekends
- She doesn’t study French.
- How many children do they have?

Remember:
- In positive we use two conjugations. One is the simple form and the other is the “s” form (play/plays)
- In negative sentences we use the auxiliaries don’t and doesn’t and the verb is ALWAYS in the simple form. (She doesn’t work)
- In the question form we use auxiliaries do and does and also the verb goes in the simple form. The subject goes in between the auxiliary and the verb. (Do you work here?)

Present continuous

- Maria is playing tennis.
- She isn’t studying.
- What are they doing?

Remember:
- When we construct the present continuous we use the verb to be. Therefore we DO NOT USE auxiliaries do, does, don’t or doesn’t.
- Use the “ing” form after the verb to be.

• USES COMPARISON

Present Simple	Present Continuous
Routines / Habits : Maria smokes	Actions happening NOW: Maria is smoking
Permanent Actions: Pedro lives in Sevilla	Temporary actions: Juan is staying at the Marriot hotel.
Current facts/truths: I have two brothers

CLICK ON THE LINKS BELOW TO DO ON-LINE EXERCISES:

EXERCISE ONE

EXERCISE TWO

EXERCISE THREE

THE PASSIVE VOICE

THE PASSIVE VOICE.

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive Level: lower intermediate

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Rita.
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Hilfsverben	Active:	Rita	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.

Examples of Passive Level: upper intermediate

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Present Progressive	Active:	Rita	is writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is being written	by Rita.
Past Progressive	Active:	Rita	was writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was being written	by Rita.
Past Perfect	Active:	Rita	had written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	had been written	by Rita.
Future II	Active:	Rita	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Rita.
Conditional I	Active:	Rita	would write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would be written	by Rita.
Conditional II	Active:	Rita	would have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would have been written	by Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

	Subject	Verb	Object 1	Object 2
Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter	to me.
Passive:	A letter	was written	to me	by Rita.
Passive:	I	was written	a letter	by Rita.

.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.

Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.

Example: he says – it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives.

	Gerunds are formed with ING:	walking, talking, thinking, listening
	Infinitives are formed with TO:	to walk, to talk, to think, to listen

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Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs:

	Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence::
Writing in English is difficult. To write in English is difficult.
	Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a verb::
I like writing in English. I like to write in English.
But...
	Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition::
We are talking about writing in English.

It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you:

	Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed::
I stopped smoking. (The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.)
	Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future::
I stopped to smoke. (I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)  exercise 1 exercise 2 exercise 3 exercise 4

EXÁMENES MAYO

LOS EXÁMENES DE MAYO PARA EL GRUPO NI1A 

(TURNO DE MAÑANA) SERÁN LOS DÍAS:

MARTES 22 Y JUEVES 24 LAS PARTES ESCRITAS.

MARTES 29 LOS ORALES.

TYPES OF WRITING.

TYPES OF WRITING.

CLICK ON THE LINKS BELOW TO LEARN ABOUT THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WRITING IN ENGLISH:

1) ESSAY WRITING

2) HOW TO WRITE A REPORT

3) AN OPINION ESSAY

4) FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY:

For And Against Essay

View more PowerPoint from Anabel Ponce

ESSAY ESAMPLES. CLICK HERE

Preposition with Adjective.

1. List of common adjectives and the prepositions that normally follow them
accustomed to	afraid of	answerable to	attached to
aware of	capable of	dependent on	different to
doubtful about	enthusiastic about	excited about	famous for
fond of	guilty of	interested in	keen on
opposed to	pleased with	popular with	proud of
related to	rich in	satisfied with	serious about
similar to	suitable for	suspicious of	used to (= accustomed to)

2. Some adjectives can be followed by either of two or more prepositions

annoyed about something The Ministry was annoyed about criticism in the paper
annoyed with someone They were. annoyed with us for charging them
good/bad at something I’m very bad at mathematics.
good/bad for something The expected cut in interest will be good for industry.
good/bad with something She should be in Marketing. She’s very good with customers.
responsible to someone The Export Manager is responsible to the Sales Director.
responsible for something He is responsible for preparing handouts.
sorry about something I am sorry about the job. It’s a shame you didn’t get it.
sorry for doing something He said he was sorry for keeping me waiting.
(feel) sorry for someone I feel very sorry for Peter. He has been fired.

3. These combinations of adjectives with prepositions may be followed by noun or noun phrase.
The students were very excited about the results of the experiment.

4. When followed by a verb, the -ing form must be used.
Please let me know whether you would be interested in arranging a meeting.

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS

VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS

 

 

1. Many verbs that are used without an object are normally followed by a prepositional phrase. Some verbs take a particular preposition:

belong to, consist of, happen to, hint at, hope for, insist on, lead to, listen to, pay for, qualify for, refer to, relate to, sympathize with.

2. With other verbs that are used without an object, the choice of a different preposition may alter the meaning of the clause:

agree on/with, apologize for/to, appeal to/for, care about/of, complain to somebody about/of, conform to/with, remind about/of, result from/in, suffer from/with, think about/of.

3. With verbs that are used without an object, different prepositions are used to introduce different types of information:

a. ‘about’ indicates the subject matter:

care, complain, do, dream, explain, hear, know, speak, talk, think, write

b. ‘at’ indicates direction:

glance, glare, grin, laugh, look, point, shoot, shout, smile, stare

c. ‘for’ indicates purpose or reason:

apologize, apply, ask, leave, look, search, wait

d. ‘into’ indicates the object involved in a collision:

bump, crash, drive, run

e. ‘of’ indicates facts of information:

hear, know, speak, talk, think

f. ‘on’ indicates confidence or certainty:

congratulate, count, depend, plan, rely

g. ‘to’ indicates the listener or reader:

complain, explain, listen, say, speak, talk, write

h. ‘with’ indicates someone whose opinion is the same or different:

agree, argue, disagree, side

4. Some verbs have an object, but are also followed by a preposition.

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2